NAATI CCL Japanese 法律・司法 練習問題 — 実例付き解説
法律分野の日本語通訳は、日常会話とは大きく異なる法廷用語という難題に直面します。被告人や黙秘権などの漢字熟語は正確な法的意味を持ち、厳密に訳出する必要があります。法廷では敬語の使用が一層強まり、裁判官は最高敬語を使い、証人は謙譲語を用います。「よ」や「ね」などの終助詞は英語に直接的な対応がないものの、話者の意図を伝える上で法的手続きにおいて極めて重要です。法律文書では受動態が多用され——「起訴された」のような表現——通訳者は、証人陳述や裁判官の指示において原文の意味と責任の帰属を正確に保つために、英語の能動態と受動態のどちらが適切かを判断しなければなりません。
7件の練習問題
Police Statement — Car Accident
This dialogue is between a male driver and a Police Officer, Senior Constable Williams. The driver was involved in a car accident and is giving a police statement at the scene.
Good afternoon. I'm Senior Constable Williams. I need to take a statement from you regarding the accident that occurred this morning on Parramatta Road. Can you tell me what happened?
モデル通訳
こんにちは。上級巡査のウィリアムズです。今朝パラマッタロードで起きた事故について、あなたから調書を取る必要があります。何があったか教えてください。
パラマッタロードを東に向かって運転していたら、相手の車が赤信号を無視して助手席側にぶつかってきました。あっという間で何もできませんでした。
モデル通訳
I was driving east on Parramatta Road when the other car ran a red light and hit my passenger side. It happened so fast I couldn't do anything.
What speed were you travelling at when the collision occurred?
Were there any passengers in your vehicle? And was anyone injured?
妻が助手席にいました。窓に頭をぶつけて、救急車で病院に運ばれました。私は首の痛みがありますが、深刻ではありません。
I'm sorry to hear about your wife. We've obtained CCTV footage from a nearby business which should help establish what happened. Did you exchange details with the other driver?
はい、名前と免許証番号をもらいました。ただ、彼はとても緊張していて、自分のせいではないと繰り返していました。保険の詳細は持っていなかったそうです。
That's fine. We'll follow up with him separately. I'll need you to sign this statement once I've typed it up. You'll also need to report the accident to your insurance company within twenty-four hours.
You can request a copy from our station after five business days. There's a small fee for the report. I'd also recommend taking photos of the damage to both vehicles if you haven't already.
Victim Support — Assault
This dialogue is between a woman who is a victim of assault and a Support Worker from the Victim Support Service. The support worker is helping the woman understand her rights and available support.
Hello, my name is Sarah and I'm from the Victim Support Service. I'm here to help you understand your options after the incident. Everything you tell me is confidential. How are you feeling?
モデル通訳
こんにちは、被害者支援サービスのサラです。事件後のあなたの選択肢を理解するお手伝いをします。お話しいただく内容はすべて秘密厳守です。お加減はいかがですか?
まだ動揺しています。昨夜、駅の外で襲われました。男にバッグを奪われて地面に押し倒されました。手と膝を擦りむきました。
モデル通訳
I'm still shaken up. I was attacked outside the train station last night. A man grabbed my bag and pushed me to the ground. I scraped my hands and knees.
I'm very sorry that happened to you. Have you reported the incident to the police?
Good. You've taken an important step. I want to make sure you know about victim support services — counselling, legal assistance, and financial help are all available free of charge.
I can help you with the application. You'll need the police report number, any medical records, and evidence of lost income. The process takes about three to six months.
Absolutely. What you're feeling is a very common response to being a victim of crime. I can refer you to a free counselling service that specialises in trauma. Would you like that?
Please don't feel pressured to recover on anyone else's timeline. Trauma affects everyone differently. The counselling service can provide strategies to help you manage your anxiety and process what happened.
ありがとう、サラ。こんなにたくさんの支援があると知りませんでした。一人じゃないと感じられます。
Traffic Infringement — Speeding Fine
This dialogue is between a man and a Council Officer. The man has received a speeding fine and has come in to discuss his options for appeal or payment.
Good morning. You've come in to discuss a speeding fine you received on Canterbury Road last month. I have your file here. How can I help?
モデル通訳
おはようございます。先月カンタベリーロードで受けた速度違反の切符について相談に来られたんですね。ファイルがあります。どうされましたか?
切符に異議を申し立てたいです。そんなに速く走っていたとは思いません。カメラが間違っていたはずです。
モデル通訳
I want to dispute the fine. I don't believe I was going that fast. The camera must have made an error.
The speed camera recorded your vehicle travelling at seventy-two kilometres per hour in a sixty zone. The cameras are regularly calibrated and tested. Do you have any evidence to support your claim?
Unfortunately, the fact that other vehicles may have been speeding doesn't provide grounds for dismissal. However, you do have several options available to you.
You can pay the fine in full — three hundred and thirty dollars plus three demerit points. Or you can request a review, or elect to have it heard in court.
In court, a magistrate could impose the same penalty, reduce it, or increase it. With a good driving record and genuine explanation, a reduced penalty is possible.
A clean driving record helps. You could also write to the revenue office requesting a caution instead of a fine. Include your driving history and any special circumstances.
Family Court — Custody Mediation
This dialogue is between a father and a Family Court Mediator. The father is attending family dispute resolution mediation regarding custody arrangements for his two children.
Good morning. I'm the family dispute resolution mediator. Before we begin, I want to explain that my role is neutral — I don't take sides or make decisions for you.
モデル通訳
おはようございます。家事紛争解決の調停人です。始める前に、私の役割は両当事者がお子さんの生活環境について合意に達するお手伝いをすることです。どちらの味方もしません。ご理解いただけますか?
はい、でも元パートナーが何も合理的なことに同意しないのが心配です。彼女は子供たちを連れて州外に引っ越したいと言っています。
モデル通訳
Yes, but I'm worried my ex-partner won't agree to anything reasonable. She wants to move interstate with our children.
I understand your concern. We'll discuss all proposals openly. The focus must always be on what's in the best interest of the children. How old are your children?
息子が8歳、娘が5歳です。二人とも学校に通っていて、友達もみんなここにいます。州外に引っ越せば大きな混乱になります。
Those are valid concerns. In our session today, both parties will have an opportunity to present their views. If we can't reach an agreement, you may need to apply to the Family Court for orders.
Court proceedings can take twelve to eighteen months and legal costs can run into tens of thousands. Mediation is faster, cheaper, and gives you both more control over the outcome.
Mediation requires both parties to participate voluntarily. However, you generally need a certificate from mediation before filing a court application. There are some exceptions for urgent matters.
The court can make orders about where children live and how much time they spend with each parent. In most cases, the court prefers arrangements where children have meaningful relationships with both parents.
मैं बच्चों के लिए सबसे अच्छा चाहता हूँ। बस उन्हें खोना नहीं चाहता।
That's completely understandable. Let's see what we can achieve in today's session. I'll bring your ex-partner in now.
Tenancy Dispute — Bond Return
This dialogue is between a woman and a Tribunal Member. The woman is at a hearing to get her rental bond returned after her landlord made deductions she considers unfair.
Good morning. This hearing is regarding your application for the return of your rental bond. You're claiming the full amount of two thousand one hundred and sixty dollars. Can you explain your case?
モデル通訳
おはようございます。本件は賃貸保証金の全額2,160ドルの返還申請に関する審理です。あなたの主張を説明してください。
3年間住んで、家賃は毎月きちんと払っていました。退去時にアパート全体をきれいに掃除しましたが、家主がカーペットと壁に損傷があると主張しています。
モデル通訳
I lived there for three years and always paid rent on time. When I moved out, I cleaned the property thoroughly. The landlord is deducting six hundred dollars for carpet and wall marks.
Do you have photos of the property when you moved in and when you moved out?
はい、入居日と鍵を返した日に写真を撮りました。通常の経年劣化を考慮すれば、状態はほぼ同じでした。
The landlord's agent claims there are stains on the bedroom carpet and marks on the walls. The agent is requesting eight hundred dollars for carpet cleaning and repainting. What's your response?
入居時にカーペットはすでに5年使われていて、壁の跡は普通のフック穴です。賃貸法では、通常の経年劣化について借主に請求することはできません。
That's correct. Normal wear and tear is expected over a three-year tenancy. Do you have the original condition report from when you moved in?
はい、ここにあります。カーペットにすでにある程度の摩耗があり、壁にも前の住人による軽い跡があったと記載されています。
Thank you. I'll review both the condition reports. The landlord's agent will now present their evidence. After that, I'll make a decision.
If I order the bond to be returned, it typically takes ten to fourteen business days to process through the rental bonds authority. The decision is binding on both parties.
ありがとうございます。これが解決するまで3か月待ちました。ただ公正な結果を求めているだけです。
Small Claims Tribunal — Unpaid Invoice
This dialogue is between a man and a Tribunal Member at a small claims hearing. The man is claiming three thousand dollars in unpaid invoices from a client.
This hearing concerns your claim for three thousand dollars in unpaid invoices. Please state your case.
モデル通訳
本審理は未払い請求書3,000ドルの請求に関するものです。あなたの主張を述べてください。
フリーランスのグラフィックデザイナーです。ある会社の仕事を完了しましたが、最終請求書の支払いを拒否されました。
モデル通訳
I'm a freelance graphic designer. I completed work for a company but they refused to pay the final invoice.
Do you have a written contract or agreement for the work?
はい、署名済みの契約書、メールのやり取り、納品物があります。クライアントはすべての作業を承認しました。
Has the respondent given any reason for non-payment?
品質に満足していないと言われましたが、その不満は請求書の期日を過ぎてから初めて言い出しました。しかも、自社のウェブサイトで作品を使っています。
That's relevant. If they've used the work, it suggests acceptance. Is the respondent present today?
I can proceed in their absence. Based on your evidence, the contract and acceptance seem clear.
品質が悪いと言われたので別のデザイナーを雇い直す必要がありました。その費用も請求できますか?
You can claim reasonable costs directly related to the dispute. I'll consider that in my decision. Do you have receipts?
Legal Aid — Free Consultation
This dialogue is between a woman and a Legal Aid Lawyer. The woman is attending a free legal consultation about a dispute with her employer over unpaid wages.
Welcome to Legal Aid. I'm a duty lawyer and I can provide free initial advice today. What's your legal issue?
モデル通訳
リーガルエイドへようこそ。当番弁護士です。今日は無料で初回の法的助言を提供できます。どのような法的問題ですか?
家主がカビの苦情を出したために立ち退きをさせようとしています。小さい子供が二人います。
モデル通訳
My landlord is trying to evict me because I complained about mould in the apartment. I have two young children.
That sounds like it could be a retaliatory eviction, which is illegal. When did you receive the notice?
Did you make your mould complaint in writing? And did the landlord acknowledge it?
Good, that documentation is important. Under the Residential Tenancies Act, a landlord cannot evict a tenant in retaliation for making a complaint.
でも別の理由をでっち上げることはできないでしょうか?他の何かを見つけられるかもしれないと怖いです。
They need a valid legal reason. With your history of complaints, any eviction attempt would be scrutinised. I can represent you at the tribunal if needed.
Legal Aid representation is free if you meet the eligibility criteria, which I believe you would. I'll lodge the application today.
本当にありがとうございます。これが心配で眠れませんでした。次の面談に何を持って来ればいいですか?
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