NAATI CCL Japanese 住宅・宿泊 練習問題 — 実例付き解説

Let me explain the rental application process. Is this your first time renting in Australia?

はい、先月到着したばかりで、賃貸の仕組みがわかりません。何が必要ですか？

For the application you'll need identification, proof of income such as a bank statement, and previous rental history. If you don't have rental history, a character reference will do.

賃貸履歴がありません。不利になりますか？

You can still apply without rental history. To demonstrate reliability, you can offer a reference from your employer, additional bank statements, or an extra two to four weeks' bond on top of the standard amount.

ボンド（保証金）とは何ですか？いくら必要ですか？

The bond is usually four weeks' rent, held by a state government authority. It's returned in full when you move out if there's no damage. The landlord cannot hold it personally.

入居する前に確認すべきことは何ですか？

Completing a condition report at move-in is crucial. Document all existing damage with photos. This directly affects your bond refund. Submit it to the agent within three business days.

家賃が払えなくなったらどうなりますか？

Contact the agent and explain the situation. You can often negotiate a payment plan. You won't be evicted immediately if you're less than fourteen days behind. Free tenancy advice is also available.

全部わかりました。内見の予約をしたいです。

This is a dispute about a bond refund. What happened?

2年間住んだアパートを退去しましたが、家主がボンドの1,500ドルから800ドルを差し引くと言っています。カーペットの清掃と壁の塗り直しの費用だそうです。

There's a distinction between normal wear and tear and tenant damage. Carpet wear and faded paint from two years of use are not the tenant's responsibility. This is 'fair wear and tear.'

入居時のコンディションレポートはありますか？

Yes, I have photos from both move-in and move-out. The carpet already had stains and the walls had marks when I moved in.

素晴らしい証拠です。まず家主に書面で、合理的な損耗であることを説明し、全額返金を求めてください。14日以内に回答がなければ、テナンシー裁判所に申し立てることができます。

How much does the tribunal cost?

申し立て費用は通常50ドル前後です。勝訴した場合、費用は家主に請求できます。弁護士は不要で、自分で手続きできます。審理は通常4〜6週間以内です。

The landlord is demanding a receipt for professional carpet cleaning. Is that required?

賃貸契約書を確認してください。退去時のプロクリーニングが条件に含まれている場合は必要です。ただし、多くの州ではこの条項は法的に無効とされています。テナンシーアドバイスラインに確認することをお勧めします。

Can I have the number for the tenancy advice line?

州によって異なりますが、こちらのパンフレットに連絡先が記載されています。無料で、通訳サービスも利用できます。まず書面を送って、それから裁判所の手続きを進めましょう。

You've come to discuss a rent increase. How much has it gone up?

週450ドルから550ドルに値上げすると通知されました。一度に100ドルの値上げは多すぎると思います。払えません。

There are rules around rent increases. First, sixty days' written notice is required. When did you receive the notice?

3週間前です。来月から適用すると書いてあります。

Since the sixty-day notice period hasn't been met, the increase is invalid. Legally, you have the right to continue paying the current rent until a new, proper notice is issued.

正しい通知が来ても、100ドルの値上げは過大ではないですか？異議を申し立てられますか？

Yes, you can challenge an 'excessive' increase at the tribunal. They consider area market rents, property condition, and improvements. Research comparable rents nearby and submit that as evidence.

値上げを拒否したら追い出されますか？

Issuing an eviction notice because a tenant challenges a rent increase is retaliation and it's illegal. As long as you continue paying the current rent during the tribunal process, you're protected.

テナンシーアドバイスに連絡して、書面で回答を送ります。

Good decision. In the letter, make clear that the notice period was insufficient and that the increase is excessive compared to the market. Keep it factual and avoid being emotional.

ありがとうございます。権利を知ることで安心しました。

You've come to ask about applying for public housing. Can you tell me about your current living situation?

3人の子供と一緒に知人の家に居候しています。リビングルームで寝ています。家を見つけるお金がありません。

Your case may qualify as priority. People who are homeless or at risk receive the highest priority. To apply, you'll need proof of income, identification, and evidence of your housing situation.

待ち時間はどのくらいですか？

To be honest, the general waiting time can be several years. However, if you're in a priority category, it could be a matter of months. While you're waiting, you can receive private rent assistance.

レントアシスタンスはいくらですか？

It depends on your family size and rent, but with three children you could receive up to around two hundred dollars per fortnight. It's added to your Centrelink payment.

コミュニティハウジングとは何ですか？公営住宅と違いますか？

Community housing is affordable rental housing run by not-for-profit organisations. Like public housing, the rent is based on your income. The waiting time may be shorter. I'd recommend applying for both at the same time.

今日申請できますか？

Yes, we can fill in the application today. If you have your ID and proof of income, we can start now. Let's also apply for emergency housing support.

ありがとうございます。子供たちに安定した住まいを提供したいです。

You have a complaint about noise from a neighbour. What's the problem?

上の階の住人が毎晩遅くまで大音量で音楽を流します。午前1時、2時まで続くこともあります。何度もお願いしましたが改善しません。子供が眠れず、仕事にも影響しています。

If direct communication hasn't worked, start keeping a noise diary. Record the date, time, type of noise, and duration. This becomes evidence for later proceedings.

警察に通報できますか？

Noise after ten at night breaches council regulations. You can call police. Also submit a written complaint to the property manager or landlord. If it's a strata building, report to the strata manager too.

管理会社が何もしてくれなかったらどうしますか？

You can lodge a formal noise complaint with the local council. A council officer can measure the noise levels and issue a noise abatement order. Breaching the order results in fines.

騒音の問題がひどくて引っ越したい場合、リースを早期に解約できますか？

If the landlord can't guarantee your 'right to quiet enjoyment,' you can apply to the tribunal for early lease termination. The noise diary and complaints are crucial evidence. If approved, no break fee.

まず騒音日記をつけて、書面で管理会社に送ります。

You can also use a smartphone app to measure and record noise levels. Audio recordings during the noisy periods are also valid evidence. Collect about two weeks' worth of records before lodging a formal complaint.

今夜から記録を始めます。ありがとうございました。

You've called about an urgent repair. Please describe the problem.

給湯器が完全に止まりました。2日間お湯が出ません。小さな子供がいるので、すぐに直してほしいです。

A hot water system failure qualifies as an urgent repair. By law, the landlord is required to respond to urgent repairs within twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Have you already contacted the property manager?

昨日メールしましたが返事がありません。電話にも出ません。

If an urgent repair isn't addressed, the tenant can arrange it themselves and deduct the cost from rent. But you must first give written notice and allow a reasonable response time. Rules vary by state.

自分で修理業者を呼んでもいいですか？

In an emergency, yes. But first send a final written notice requesting immediate response. If they don't respond, arrange the repair yourself and keep the receipt. The cost limit is about one thousand dollars.

修理中の宿泊費や代替費用は請求できますか？

If the property is uninhabitable, you can apply for a rent reduction. Additional costs like alternative accommodation can be claimed through the tenancy tribunal if the landlord's negligence caused the problem. Keep all your receipts.

他にどんな修繕が緊急に該当しますか？

Gas leaks, flooding, electrical faults, heating failures in winter, broken locks, blocked sewage, and structural damage that poses a safety risk. All of these require a response within twenty-four to forty-eight hours.

今から書面の通知を送って、明日までに対応がなければ自分で修理業者を手配します。

Welcome to the quarterly strata meeting. We have several items on the agenda. The first is a special levy for roof repairs.

特別分担金はいくらですか？通常のストラタ費用だけでもかなり高いのですが。

It's calculated based on each unit's lot entitlement and averages around three thousand dollars. It can be paid in three instalments. The roof repair is a safety issue and can't be delayed.

払えない場合はどうなりますか？

If you're having difficulty, you can apply for a payment plan. However, if non-payment continues, the strata corporation has the right to take legal action, and ultimately a lien may be registered against your property.

次の議題は何ですか？

Installation of security cameras in common areas. There have been several reports of trespass recently. The cost comes from the regular strata fund, so no additional levy is needed.

プライバシーについてはどうですか？カメラが自分の玄関を映すのは嫌です。

Cameras will only cover common areas — entrance, car park, corridors. Not individual front doors. They comply with privacy law and footage is only accessible to the property manager.

投票が必要ですか？

Yes, both the special levy and the camera installation require a majority vote of those present. Proxy voting is available. Owners who couldn't attend today have already submitted their proxy forms.

両方に賛成します。安全のために必要な投資だと思います。