NAATI CCL Japanese 医療・健康 練習問題 — 実例付き解説
日本語の医療通訳では、診断書や処方箋といった漢字熟語の正確な理解が求められます。これらの用語は簡潔な形式に臨床的な意味を凝縮しています。医師が患者に対して敬語を使い、患者が症状を謙譲語で説明する場面では、通訳者は適切に敬語のレベルを切り替える必要があります。インフォームドコンセントやアレルギーなどのカタカナ外来語は正確な発音が求められ、「検査を受けられます」のような受動態表現は、自然な英語の能動態に再構成する必要があります。SOV語順では動詞が文末に来るため——多くの場合、重要な医療指示を含む動詞が最後に現れるため——通訳者は文全体を記憶してから訳出する必要があります。
7件の練習問題
GP Visit — Persistent Headaches
This dialogue is between a woman and a Doctor at a GP clinic. The woman has been experiencing persistent headaches for several weeks and is seeking medical advice.
Good morning. I can see from your file that you've been experiencing headaches for the past two weeks. Can you describe the pain for me?
モデル通訳
おはようございます。カルテによると、この2週間頭痛が続いているようですね。痛みの様子を教えていただけますか?
はい、先生。痛みは主に頭の右側にあります。朝に始まって、一日を通してひどくなります。めまいを感じることもあります。
モデル通訳
Yes, doctor. The pain is mostly on the right side of my head. It starts in the morning and gets worse throughout the day. Sometimes I also feel dizzy.
I see. Have you noticed any changes in your vision, or do you feel nauseous when the headaches are severe?
視界が少しぼやけることはありますが、吐き気はありません。パラセタモールを飲んでいますが、数時間しか効きません。
I'd like to run some tests, including a blood test and possibly a CT scan, just to rule out anything serious. I'll also refer you to a specialist if needed.
少し心配です。検査結果が出るまでどのくらいかかりますか?何か深刻なものではないかと心配しています。
The blood test results should be available within three days. The CT scan might take about a week. Please try not to worry — most headaches have simple causes like stress or tension.
ありがとうございます、先生。それまでの間、パラセタモールを飲み続けた方がいいですか?それとも、もっと強い薬をお勧めしますか?
You can continue with paracetamol for now, but don't exceed four grams per day. I'll also prescribe a mild anti-inflammatory that may help with the pain. Make sure you stay hydrated and get enough rest.
One more thing — if your headaches suddenly become much worse, or you experience sudden vision loss or difficulty speaking, please go to the emergency department immediately.
そうします。アドバイスありがとうございます、先生。結果が出たら、フォローアップの予約に必ず来ます。
Emergency Room — Chest Pain
This dialogue is between a man and a Triage Nurse at an emergency department. The man has arrived with chest pain and tightness and the nurse is assessing his condition.
Hello, I'm the triage nurse. Can you tell me what brought you to the emergency department today?
モデル通訳
こんにちは、トリアージナースです。今日、救急外来にいらした理由を教えていただけますか?
今朝から胸が痛いんです。締め付けられるような重い感じで、何かが胸を圧迫しているようです。息切れもあります。
モデル通訳
I've been having chest pain since this morning. It feels tight and heavy, like something is pressing on my chest. I'm also short of breath.
On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain? Does it spread to your arm, jaw, or back?
Given your symptoms, we need to act quickly. I'm taking you to the treatment area immediately. We'll do an ECG and blood tests right away. Are you allergic to any medications?
いいえ、アレルギーはありません。ただ、毎日血圧の薬を飲んでいます。アムロジピンだったと思います。
Thank you. Is there anyone we should contact — a family member or next of kin?
はい、妻に電話してください。メイという名前で、電話番号は0412 345 678です。今は仕事中だと思います。
We're going to monitor your heart rhythm and give you some aspirin as a precaution. A doctor will see you within the next few minutes.
We won't know until we've done the tests. Try to stay calm and rest. The medical team will explain everything once they've assessed you.
Pharmacy — Prescription Medication
This dialogue is between a man and a Pharmacist. The man has come to fill a prescription for cholesterol medication and the pharmacist is explaining the dosage and side effects.
Good afternoon. I see you have a prescription here. Before I fill it, I need to ask a few questions. Is this medication for you?
モデル通訳
こんにちは。処方箋をお持ちですね。調剤する前にいくつかお聞きしたいことがあります。この薬はご本人用ですか?
はい、私のです。高コレステロールのために医者が処方しました。毎日飲む必要があると言われました。
モデル通訳
Yes, it's for me. My doctor prescribed it for high cholesterol. She said I need to take it every day.
This is atorvastatin, a statin medication. Take one tablet at night, preferably at the same time each day. Are you currently taking any other medications or supplements?
ビタミンDのサプリメントと、時々フィッシュオイルカプセルを飲んでいます。血圧の薬も飲んでいます。メトプロロールだったと思います。
There are no major interactions between those medications. However, avoid eating grapefruit while taking atorvastatin, as it can increase drug levels in your blood. Common side effects include muscle pain and digestive issues.
わかりました。グレープフルーツは完全にだめですか?筋肉痛が出たらどうすればいいですか?服用をやめた方がいいですか?
If you experience significant muscle pain, see your doctor before stopping the medication. Don't stop it on your own.
With your concession card, the cost is seven dollars sixty for a month's supply. Would you like me to put it on your medication record?
Your medication will be ready in about ten minutes. You can wait here or come back later. Do you have any other questions?
Specialist Referral — Cardiologist
This dialogue is between a woman and a Cardiologist, Dr Chen. The woman has been referred by her GP for heart-related symptoms and is undergoing specialist assessment.
Good morning. I'm Dr Chen, the cardiologist. Your GP referred you because of some abnormal results in your recent ECG. How have you been feeling?
モデル通訳
おはようございます。循環器科のチェン医師です。最近の心電図に異常が見られたため、かかりつけ医から紹介されました。体調はいかがですか?
だいたい大丈夫ですが、たまに理由もなく心臓がドキドキすることがあります。夜やリラックスしているときに起こることが多いです。
モデル通訳
I've been okay mostly, but I sometimes feel my heart racing for no reason. It usually happens at night or when I'm resting.
How long do these episodes last, and how often do they occur?
I'd like to perform an echocardiogram today — an ultrasound of your heart. It shows how your heart is functioning. We may also fit a Holter monitor to record your rhythm over twenty-four hours.
No, the echocardiogram is completely painless — it's just like a regular ultrasound. The Holter monitor is a small device you wear home and return the next day.
Family history is important, and it's good that you're getting this checked. We'll have a much clearer picture after these tests. In the meantime, avoid caffeine and alcohol.
Try to reduce it to one cup in the morning at most. Caffeine can trigger the palpitations you've been experiencing. I'll also check your thyroid function, as that can sometimes cause similar symptoms.
Mental Health — Counselling Session
This dialogue is between a man and a Counsellor at a mental health session. The man has been dealing with stress and anxiety, and this is a follow-up counselling session.
Welcome back. How have you been since our last session? I remember you were going through a difficult time at work.
モデル通訳
お帰りなさい。前回のセッションから調子はいかがですか?職場で大変な時期を過ごしていたと覚えています。
辛い数週間でした。上司と口論になり、今は何にも集中できません。よく眠れていません。
モデル通訳
It's been a tough couple of weeks. I got into an argument with my manager, and now I feel like I can't concentrate on anything. I'm not sleeping well either.
I'm sorry to hear that. When you say you can't concentrate, can you give me an example of how that's affecting your daily life?
いろいろ忘れてしまいます。予約や締め切りとか。昨日は子供たちを学校に迎えに行くのを忘れてしまいました。完全に時間を見失っていたんです。
That must have been very stressful. It sounds like the anxiety from work is spilling over into other areas of your life. Have you had any thoughts of harming yourself?
いいえ、そういうことはありません。ただ圧倒されて疲れ切っている感じです。時々、物事が良くなるのか疑問に思います。
Those feelings are very common when we're under prolonged stress. I'd like to teach you some breathing techniques that can help manage the anxiety in the moment. Would you be open to that?
That's something your GP can assess. I can write a letter recommending a review if you'd like. In the meantime, let's focus on some practical strategies. How much exercise are you getting?
Getting back to some form of regular exercise, even just a thirty-minute walk each day, can significantly improve sleep and reduce anxiety. Let's set that as a goal for this week.
わかりました、毎朝仕事の前に散歩するようにします。ありがとうございます。話しただけでも少し気持ちが楽になりました。
Dental Appointment — Toothache
This dialogue is between a man and a Dentist. The man has come in with a toothache and the dentist is diagnosing the problem and explaining treatment options.
Good morning. I can see from your notes that you're here for a toothache. Can you point to where the pain is?
モデル通訳
おはようございます。記録を見ると、歯痛でいらしたようですね。痛い場所を指していただけますか?
右下のこの歯です。約1週間前から痛くて、特に冷たいものを食べたり飲んだりすると痛みます。
モデル通訳
It's this tooth here on the lower right. It's been hurting for about a week, especially when I eat or drink something cold.
Let me take a look. I'm going to use this mirror and probe to examine the area. You might feel some pressure. When did you last visit a dentist?
There's a large cavity in your lower right molar. The decay has gone deep, causing the sensitivity. We'll need an X-ray to see if the nerve is affected.
根管治療が必要かもしれないということですか?友人がやったことがあって、とても痛かったと言っていました。
Let's wait for the X-ray results before deciding treatment. Root canals today are much more comfortable than before. We use local anaesthetic, so you shouldn't feel pain.
A filling would be around two hundred dollars, and a root canal with a crown can range from one thousand to two thousand dollars. We do offer payment plans if that helps.
If the X-ray shows the nerve isn't damaged, a filling should be sufficient and much more affordable. Let's take the X-ray first and then discuss your options.
Physiotherapy Assessment — Back Injury
This dialogue is between a man and a Physiotherapist. The man has been referred for lower back pain treatment and is having his initial assessment.
Hi there. I'm your physiotherapist. I understand you've been referred for lower back pain following a workplace injury. Can you tell me what happened?
モデル通訳
こんにちは、理学療法士です。労災による腰痛で紹介されたと聞いています。何があったか教えていただけますか?
約3週間前に職場で重い箱を持ち上げていたら、腰に鋭い痛みを感じました。それからずっと治りません。
モデル通訳
I was lifting a heavy box at work about three weeks ago, and I felt a sharp pain in my lower back. It hasn't gone away since.
On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain right now? And does it travel down either of your legs?
今は5くらいですが、前かがみになったり長時間座ると8くらいになります。左足にしびれを感じることがあります。
The tingling could indicate nerve involvement. I'm going to do some physical assessments now — I'll ask you to do some movements and I'll check your reflexes. Please tell me if anything causes sharp pain.
わかりました。労災補償の申請が承認されたので、治療費はカバーされていることをお伝えしておきます。
That's good to know. Based on my initial assessment, I'd recommend twice-weekly sessions for the next six weeks. We'll focus on strengthening your core muscles and improving flexibility.
Absolutely. Home exercises are essential for recovery. I'll give you a printed sheet with five simple exercises to do daily. They should only take about fifteen minutes.
It depends on your role. Light duties might be possible in two to three weeks. I'll prepare a return-to-work plan and communicate with your employer's injury management team.
ありがとうございます。この状況全体でとてもストレスを感じていたので、計画があると安心します。
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