NAATI CCL Spanish Health & Medical Practice Dialogues — Worked Examples

Spanish medical interpreting requires navigating the usted/tu formality distinction that shapes every patient-doctor interaction — doctors in formal settings use usted while patients may respond with tu, creating a register asymmetry interpreters must handle. Medical false cognates are a persistent trap: constipado means a head cold not constipation, embarazada means pregnant not embarrassed, and intoxicacion refers to food poisoning not intoxication. The subjunctive mood appears frequently in medical advice — es importante que tome la medicina (it is important that you take the medicine) — and its absence in English requires restructuring. Latin-derived medical terminology like diagnostico, prescripcion, and quirurgico has close English cognates that can mislead interpreters into assuming identical meanings when scope or usage differs. Gender-specific titles — doctora vs. doctor, enfermera vs. enfermero — encode information absent in English equivalents. Latin American vs. Iberian variation affects vocabulary: carro vs. coche, computadora vs. ordenador may surface depending on the patient's background.

7 practice dialogues

GP Visit — Persistent Headaches

This dialogue is between a woman and a Doctor at a GP clinic. The woman has been experiencing persistent headaches for several weeks and is seeking medical advice.

Seg 1Doctor
English → LOTE

Good morning. I can see from your file that you've been experiencing headaches for the past two weeks. Can you describe the pain for me?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

Sí, doctor. El dolor es principalmente en el lado derecho de mi cabeza. Comienza por la mañana y empeora durante el día. A veces también me siento mareado.

Seg 3Doctor
English → LOTE

I see. Have you noticed any changes in your vision, or do you feel nauseous when the headaches are severe?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Mi visión se vuelve un poco borrosa a veces, pero no siento náuseas. He estado tomando paracetamol, pero solo ayuda durante unas pocas horas.

Seg 5Doctor
English → LOTE

I'd like to run some tests, including a blood test and possibly a CT scan, just to rule out anything serious. I'll also refer you to a specialist if needed.

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

Eso suena un poco preocupante. ¿Cuánto tiempo tendré que esperar por los resultados? Me preocupa que pueda ser algo grave.

Seg 7Doctor
English → LOTE

The blood test results should be available within three days. The CT scan might take about a week. Please try not to worry — most headaches have simple causes like stress or tension.

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

Gracias, doctor. ¿Debería seguir tomando paracetamol mientras tanto, o me recomendaría algo más fuerte?

Seg 9Doctor
English → LOTE

You can continue with paracetamol for now, but don't exceed four grams per day. I'll also prescribe a mild anti-inflammatory that may help with the pain. Make sure you stay hydrated and get enough rest.

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Entiendo. Reservaré las pruebas en la recepción al salir. Gracias por su tiempo, doctor.

Seg 11Doctor
English → LOTE

One more thing — if your headaches suddenly become much worse, or you experience sudden vision loss or difficulty speaking, please go to the emergency department immediately.

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

Lo haré. Gracias por el consejo, doctor. Me aseguraré de volver para la cita de seguimiento cuando los resultados estén listos.

Emergency Room — Chest Pain

This dialogue is between a man and a Triage Nurse at an emergency department. The man has arrived with chest pain and tightness and the nurse is assessing his condition.

Seg 1Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

Hello, I'm the triage nurse. Can you tell me what brought you to the emergency department today?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

He tenido dolor en el pecho desde esta mañana. Se siente apretado y pesado, como si algo estuviera presionando mi pecho. También me cuesta respirar.

Seg 3Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain? Does it spread to your arm, jaw, or back?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Diría que es alrededor de siete. El dolor se extiende a mi brazo izquierdo. También me siento un poco sudoroso y mareado.

Seg 5Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

Given your symptoms, we need to act quickly. I'm taking you to the treatment area immediately. We'll do an ECG and blood tests right away. Are you allergic to any medications?

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

No, no tengo ninguna alergia. Pero tomo medicamento para la presión arterial todos los días. Creo que se llama amlodipino.

Seg 7Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

Thank you. Is there anyone we should contact — a family member or next of kin?

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

Sí, por favor llame a mi esposa. Se llama Mei y su número es 0412 345 678. Probablemente esté en el trabajo ahora.

Seg 9Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

We're going to monitor your heart rhythm and give you some aspirin as a precaution. A doctor will see you within the next few minutes.

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Gracias. ¿Es esto un ataque al corazón? Estoy muy asustado.

Seg 11Triage Nurse
English → LOTE

We won't know until we've done the tests. Try to stay calm and rest. The medical team will explain everything once they've assessed you.

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

De acuerdo. Gracias por actuar tan rápidamente. Aprecio su ayuda.

Pharmacy — Prescription Medication

This dialogue is between a man and a Pharmacist. The man has come to fill a prescription for cholesterol medication and the pharmacist is explaining the dosage and side effects.

Seg 1Pharmacist
English → LOTE

Good afternoon. I see you have a prescription here. Before I fill it, I need to ask a few questions. Is this medication for you?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

Sí, es para mí. Mi doctora me la recetó para el colesterol alto. Dijo que necesito tomarla todos los días.

Seg 3Pharmacist
English → LOTE

This is atorvastatin, a statin medication. Take one tablet at night, preferably at the same time each day. Are you currently taking any other medications or supplements?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Tomo suplementos de vitamina D y a veces cápsulas de aceite de pescado. También estoy con pastillas para la presión — creo que es metoprolol.

Seg 5Pharmacist
English → LOTE

There are no major interactions between those medications. However, avoid eating grapefruit while taking atorvastatin, as it can increase drug levels in your blood. Common side effects include muscle pain and digestive issues.

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

Entiendo. ¿Nada de pomelo en absoluto? ¿Y qué debo hacer si siento dolor muscular? ¿Debería dejar de tomarlo?

Seg 7Pharmacist
English → LOTE

If you experience significant muscle pain, see your doctor before stopping the medication. Don't stop it on your own.

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

Entiendo. ¿Cuánto costará? Tengo una tarjeta de concesión.

Seg 9Pharmacist
English → LOTE

With your concession card, the cost is seven dollars sixty for a month's supply. Would you like me to put it on your medication record?

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Sí, por favor. Eso sería útil para la próxima vez.

Seg 11Pharmacist
English → LOTE

Your medication will be ready in about ten minutes. You can wait here or come back later. Do you have any other questions?

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

No, eso es todo. Gracias por explicarlo todo tan claramente.

Specialist Referral — Cardiologist

This dialogue is between a woman and a Cardiologist, Dr Chen. The woman has been referred by her GP for heart-related symptoms and is undergoing specialist assessment.

Seg 1Cardiologist
English → LOTE

Good morning. I'm Dr Chen, the cardiologist. Your GP referred you because of some abnormal results in your recent ECG. How have you been feeling?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

En general estoy bien, pero a veces siento que mi corazón se acelera sin razón. Suele ocurrir por la noche o cuando estoy descansando.

Seg 3Cardiologist
English → LOTE

How long do these episodes last, and how often do they occur?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Duran entre cinco y diez minutos y ocurren unas dos o tres veces por semana. Empezó hace unos dos meses.

Seg 5Cardiologist
English → LOTE

I'd like to perform an echocardiogram today — an ultrasound of your heart. It shows how your heart is functioning. We may also fit a Holter monitor to record your rhythm over twenty-four hours.

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

¿El ecocardiograma duele? ¿Y necesito quedarme en el hospital para el monitor Holter?

Seg 7Cardiologist
English → LOTE

No, the echocardiogram is completely painless — it's just like a regular ultrasound. The Holter monitor is a small device you wear home and return the next day.

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

Qué alivio. Mi padre tenía problemas cardíacos, así que he estado muy ansioso por esto.

Seg 9Cardiologist
English → LOTE

Family history is important, and it's good that you're getting this checked. We'll have a much clearer picture after these tests. In the meantime, avoid caffeine and alcohol.

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Normalmente tomo dos o tres cafés al día. ¿Debería dejarlos por completo?

Seg 11Cardiologist
English → LOTE

Try to reduce it to one cup in the morning at most. Caffeine can trigger the palpitations you've been experiencing. I'll also check your thyroid function, as that can sometimes cause similar symptoms.

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

Gracias, Dr. Chen. ¿Cuándo tendré los resultados de todas estas pruebas?

Mental Health — Counselling Session

This dialogue is between a man and a Counsellor at a mental health session. The man has been dealing with stress and anxiety, and this is a follow-up counselling session.

Seg 1Counsellor
English → LOTE

Welcome back. How have you been since our last session? I remember you were going through a difficult time at work.

Seg 2Client
LOTE → English

Han sido unas semanas difíciles. Tuve una discusión con mi jefe, y ahora no puedo concentrarme en nada. Tampoco estoy durmiendo bien.

Seg 3Counsellor
English → LOTE

I'm sorry to hear that. When you say you can't concentrate, can you give me an example of how that's affecting your daily life?

Seg 4Client
LOTE → English

Sigo olvidando cosas — como citas y plazos. Ayer olvidé recoger a mis hijos del colegio porque perdí completamente la noción del tiempo.

Seg 5Counsellor
English → LOTE

That must have been very stressful. It sounds like the anxiety from work is spilling over into other areas of your life. Have you had any thoughts of harming yourself?

Seg 6Client
LOTE → English

No, nada de eso. Solo me siento abrumado y agotado. A veces me pregunto si las cosas alguna vez mejorarán.

Seg 7Counsellor
English → LOTE

Those feelings are very common when we're under prolonged stress. I'd like to teach you some breathing techniques that can help manage the anxiety in the moment. Would you be open to that?

Seg 8Client
LOTE → English

Sí, a estas alturas probaré cualquier cosa. Mi esposa sugirió que podría necesitar medicación. ¿Cree que es necesario?

Seg 9Counsellor
English → LOTE

That's something your GP can assess. I can write a letter recommending a review if you'd like. In the meantime, let's focus on some practical strategies. How much exercise are you getting?

Seg 10Client
LOTE → English

Casi nada. Solía ir al gimnasio tres veces por semana, pero no he ido en meses.

Seg 11Counsellor
English → LOTE

Getting back to some form of regular exercise, even just a thirty-minute walk each day, can significantly improve sleep and reduce anxiety. Let's set that as a goal for this week.

Seg 12Client
LOTE → English

De acuerdo, intentaré caminar todas las mañanas antes del trabajo. Gracias — solo hablar de esto ya me hace sentir un poco mejor.

Dental Appointment — Toothache

This dialogue is between a man and a Dentist. The man has come in with a toothache and the dentist is diagnosing the problem and explaining treatment options.

Seg 1Dentist
English → LOTE

Good morning. I can see from your notes that you're here for a toothache. Can you point to where the pain is?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

Es este diente aquí abajo a la derecha. Ha estado doliendo durante una semana, especialmente cuando como o bebo algo frío.

Seg 3Dentist
English → LOTE

Let me take a look. I'm going to use this mirror and probe to examine the area. You might feel some pressure. When did you last visit a dentist?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Probablemente hace unos tres años. Sé que debería venir más regularmente, pero he estado ocupado con el trabajo.

Seg 5Dentist
English → LOTE

There's a large cavity in your lower right molar. The decay has gone deep, causing the sensitivity. We'll need an X-ray to see if the nerve is affected.

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

¿Eso significa que podría necesitar una endodoncia? Mi amigo se hizo una y dijo que fue muy doloroso.

Seg 7Dentist
English → LOTE

Let's wait for the X-ray results before deciding treatment. Root canals today are much more comfortable than before. We use local anaesthetic, so you shouldn't feel pain.

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

¿Cuánto costará el tratamiento? No tengo seguro médico privado.

Seg 9Dentist
English → LOTE

A filling would be around two hundred dollars, and a root canal with a crown can range from one thousand to two thousand dollars. We do offer payment plans if that helps.

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Eso es más de lo que esperaba. ¿Hay opciones más económicas?

Seg 11Dentist
English → LOTE

If the X-ray shows the nerve isn't damaged, a filling should be sufficient and much more affordable. Let's take the X-ray first and then discuss your options.

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

De acuerdo, hagamos la radiografía. Solo quiero que el dolor pare.

Physiotherapy Assessment — Back Injury

This dialogue is between a man and a Physiotherapist. The man has been referred for lower back pain treatment and is having his initial assessment.

Seg 1Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

Hi there. I'm your physiotherapist. I understand you've been referred for lower back pain following a workplace injury. Can you tell me what happened?

Seg 2Patient
LOTE → English

Hace unas tres semanas estaba levantando una caja pesada en el trabajo y sentí un dolor agudo en la parte baja de la espalda. No ha mejorado desde entonces.

Seg 3Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain right now? And does it travel down either of your legs?

Seg 4Patient
LOTE → English

Ahora es como un cinco, pero cuando me agacho o me siento mucho tiempo sube a ocho. A veces siento hormigueo en la pierna izquierda.

Seg 5Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

The tingling could indicate nerve involvement. I'm going to do some physical assessments now — I'll ask you to do some movements and I'll check your reflexes. Please tell me if anything causes sharp pain.

Seg 6Patient
LOTE → English

De acuerdo. Debo mencionar que mi reclamo de compensación laboral fue aprobado, así que el tratamiento está cubierto.

Seg 7Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

That's good to know. Based on my initial assessment, I'd recommend twice-weekly sessions for the next six weeks. We'll focus on strengthening your core muscles and improving flexibility.

Seg 8Patient
LOTE → English

¿Tendré que hacer ejercicios en casa también?

Seg 9Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

Absolutely. Home exercises are essential for recovery. I'll give you a printed sheet with five simple exercises to do daily. They should only take about fifteen minutes.

Seg 10Patient
LOTE → English

Mi empleador quiere que vuelva lo antes posible. ¿Cuándo cree que podré regresar?

Seg 11Physiotherapist
English → LOTE

It depends on your role. Light duties might be possible in two to three weeks. I'll prepare a return-to-work plan and communicate with your employer's injury management team.

Seg 12Patient
LOTE → English

Gracias. Toda esta situación me ha causado mucho estrés, así que tener un plan me hace sentir mejor.

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