NAATI CCL Spanish Health & Medical Practice Dialogues — Worked Examples
Spanish medical interpreting requires navigating the usted/tu formality distinction that shapes every patient-doctor interaction — doctors in formal settings use usted while patients may respond with tu, creating a register asymmetry interpreters must handle. Medical false cognates are a persistent trap: constipado means a head cold not constipation, embarazada means pregnant not embarrassed, and intoxicacion refers to food poisoning not intoxication. The subjunctive mood appears frequently in medical advice — es importante que tome la medicina (it is important that you take the medicine) — and its absence in English requires restructuring. Latin-derived medical terminology like diagnostico, prescripcion, and quirurgico has close English cognates that can mislead interpreters into assuming identical meanings when scope or usage differs. Gender-specific titles — doctora vs. doctor, enfermera vs. enfermero — encode information absent in English equivalents. Latin American vs. Iberian variation affects vocabulary: carro vs. coche, computadora vs. ordenador may surface depending on the patient's background.
7 practice dialogues
GP Visit — Persistent Headaches
This dialogue is between a woman and a Doctor at a GP clinic. The woman has been experiencing persistent headaches for several weeks and is seeking medical advice.
Good morning. I can see from your file that you've been experiencing headaches for the past two weeks. Can you describe the pain for me?
Model interpretation
Buenos días. Según su expediente, ha tenido dolores de cabeza durante las últimas dos semanas. ¿Puede describirme el dolor?
Sí, doctor. El dolor es principalmente en el lado derecho de mi cabeza. Comienza por la mañana y empeora durante el día. A veces también me siento mareado.
Model interpretation
Yes, doctor. The pain is mostly on the right side of my head. It starts in the morning and gets worse throughout the day. Sometimes I also feel dizzy.
I see. Have you noticed any changes in your vision, or do you feel nauseous when the headaches are severe?
Mi visión se vuelve un poco borrosa a veces, pero no siento náuseas. He estado tomando paracetamol, pero solo ayuda durante unas pocas horas.
I'd like to run some tests, including a blood test and possibly a CT scan, just to rule out anything serious. I'll also refer you to a specialist if needed.
Eso suena un poco preocupante. ¿Cuánto tiempo tendré que esperar por los resultados? Me preocupa que pueda ser algo grave.
The blood test results should be available within three days. The CT scan might take about a week. Please try not to worry — most headaches have simple causes like stress or tension.
Gracias, doctor. ¿Debería seguir tomando paracetamol mientras tanto, o me recomendaría algo más fuerte?
You can continue with paracetamol for now, but don't exceed four grams per day. I'll also prescribe a mild anti-inflammatory that may help with the pain. Make sure you stay hydrated and get enough rest.
Entiendo. Reservaré las pruebas en la recepción al salir. Gracias por su tiempo, doctor.
One more thing — if your headaches suddenly become much worse, or you experience sudden vision loss or difficulty speaking, please go to the emergency department immediately.
Lo haré. Gracias por el consejo, doctor. Me aseguraré de volver para la cita de seguimiento cuando los resultados estén listos.
Emergency Room — Chest Pain
This dialogue is between a man and a Triage Nurse at an emergency department. The man has arrived with chest pain and tightness and the nurse is assessing his condition.
Hello, I'm the triage nurse. Can you tell me what brought you to the emergency department today?
Model interpretation
Hola, soy la enfermera de triaje. ¿Puede decirme qué le trajo al departamento de emergencias hoy?
He tenido dolor en el pecho desde esta mañana. Se siente apretado y pesado, como si algo estuviera presionando mi pecho. También me cuesta respirar.
Model interpretation
I've been having chest pain since this morning. It feels tight and heavy, like something is pressing on my chest. I'm also short of breath.
On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain? Does it spread to your arm, jaw, or back?
Diría que es alrededor de siete. El dolor se extiende a mi brazo izquierdo. También me siento un poco sudoroso y mareado.
Given your symptoms, we need to act quickly. I'm taking you to the treatment area immediately. We'll do an ECG and blood tests right away. Are you allergic to any medications?
No, no tengo ninguna alergia. Pero tomo medicamento para la presión arterial todos los días. Creo que se llama amlodipino.
Thank you. Is there anyone we should contact — a family member or next of kin?
Sí, por favor llame a mi esposa. Se llama Mei y su número es 0412 345 678. Probablemente esté en el trabajo ahora.
We're going to monitor your heart rhythm and give you some aspirin as a precaution. A doctor will see you within the next few minutes.
Gracias. ¿Es esto un ataque al corazón? Estoy muy asustado.
We won't know until we've done the tests. Try to stay calm and rest. The medical team will explain everything once they've assessed you.
De acuerdo. Gracias por actuar tan rápidamente. Aprecio su ayuda.
Pharmacy — Prescription Medication
This dialogue is between a man and a Pharmacist. The man has come to fill a prescription for cholesterol medication and the pharmacist is explaining the dosage and side effects.
Good afternoon. I see you have a prescription here. Before I fill it, I need to ask a few questions. Is this medication for you?
Model interpretation
Buenas tardes. Veo que tiene una receta aquí. Antes de prepararla, necesito hacerle algunas preguntas. ¿Este medicamento es para usted?
Sí, es para mí. Mi doctora me la recetó para el colesterol alto. Dijo que necesito tomarla todos los días.
Model interpretation
Yes, it's for me. My doctor prescribed it for high cholesterol. She said I need to take it every day.
This is atorvastatin, a statin medication. Take one tablet at night, preferably at the same time each day. Are you currently taking any other medications or supplements?
Tomo suplementos de vitamina D y a veces cápsulas de aceite de pescado. También estoy con pastillas para la presión — creo que es metoprolol.
There are no major interactions between those medications. However, avoid eating grapefruit while taking atorvastatin, as it can increase drug levels in your blood. Common side effects include muscle pain and digestive issues.
Entiendo. ¿Nada de pomelo en absoluto? ¿Y qué debo hacer si siento dolor muscular? ¿Debería dejar de tomarlo?
If you experience significant muscle pain, see your doctor before stopping the medication. Don't stop it on your own.
Entiendo. ¿Cuánto costará? Tengo una tarjeta de concesión.
With your concession card, the cost is seven dollars sixty for a month's supply. Would you like me to put it on your medication record?
Sí, por favor. Eso sería útil para la próxima vez.
Your medication will be ready in about ten minutes. You can wait here or come back later. Do you have any other questions?
No, eso es todo. Gracias por explicarlo todo tan claramente.
Specialist Referral — Cardiologist
This dialogue is between a woman and a Cardiologist, Dr Chen. The woman has been referred by her GP for heart-related symptoms and is undergoing specialist assessment.
Good morning. I'm Dr Chen, the cardiologist. Your GP referred you because of some abnormal results in your recent ECG. How have you been feeling?
Model interpretation
Buenos días. Soy el Dr. Chen, cardiólogo. Su médico de cabecera lo derivó porque su electrocardiograma reciente mostró algunos resultados anormales. ¿Cómo se ha sentido?
En general estoy bien, pero a veces siento que mi corazón se acelera sin razón. Suele ocurrir por la noche o cuando estoy descansando.
Model interpretation
I've been okay mostly, but I sometimes feel my heart racing for no reason. It usually happens at night or when I'm resting.
How long do these episodes last, and how often do they occur?
Duran entre cinco y diez minutos y ocurren unas dos o tres veces por semana. Empezó hace unos dos meses.
I'd like to perform an echocardiogram today — an ultrasound of your heart. It shows how your heart is functioning. We may also fit a Holter monitor to record your rhythm over twenty-four hours.
¿El ecocardiograma duele? ¿Y necesito quedarme en el hospital para el monitor Holter?
No, the echocardiogram is completely painless — it's just like a regular ultrasound. The Holter monitor is a small device you wear home and return the next day.
Qué alivio. Mi padre tenía problemas cardíacos, así que he estado muy ansioso por esto.
Family history is important, and it's good that you're getting this checked. We'll have a much clearer picture after these tests. In the meantime, avoid caffeine and alcohol.
Normalmente tomo dos o tres cafés al día. ¿Debería dejarlos por completo?
Try to reduce it to one cup in the morning at most. Caffeine can trigger the palpitations you've been experiencing. I'll also check your thyroid function, as that can sometimes cause similar symptoms.
Gracias, Dr. Chen. ¿Cuándo tendré los resultados de todas estas pruebas?
Mental Health — Counselling Session
This dialogue is between a man and a Counsellor at a mental health session. The man has been dealing with stress and anxiety, and this is a follow-up counselling session.
Welcome back. How have you been since our last session? I remember you were going through a difficult time at work.
Model interpretation
Bienvenido de vuelta. ¿Cómo ha estado desde nuestra última sesión? Recuerdo que estaba pasando por un momento difícil en el trabajo.
Han sido unas semanas difíciles. Tuve una discusión con mi jefe, y ahora no puedo concentrarme en nada. Tampoco estoy durmiendo bien.
Model interpretation
It's been a tough couple of weeks. I got into an argument with my manager, and now I feel like I can't concentrate on anything. I'm not sleeping well either.
I'm sorry to hear that. When you say you can't concentrate, can you give me an example of how that's affecting your daily life?
Sigo olvidando cosas — como citas y plazos. Ayer olvidé recoger a mis hijos del colegio porque perdí completamente la noción del tiempo.
That must have been very stressful. It sounds like the anxiety from work is spilling over into other areas of your life. Have you had any thoughts of harming yourself?
No, nada de eso. Solo me siento abrumado y agotado. A veces me pregunto si las cosas alguna vez mejorarán.
Those feelings are very common when we're under prolonged stress. I'd like to teach you some breathing techniques that can help manage the anxiety in the moment. Would you be open to that?
Sí, a estas alturas probaré cualquier cosa. Mi esposa sugirió que podría necesitar medicación. ¿Cree que es necesario?
That's something your GP can assess. I can write a letter recommending a review if you'd like. In the meantime, let's focus on some practical strategies. How much exercise are you getting?
Casi nada. Solía ir al gimnasio tres veces por semana, pero no he ido en meses.
Getting back to some form of regular exercise, even just a thirty-minute walk each day, can significantly improve sleep and reduce anxiety. Let's set that as a goal for this week.
De acuerdo, intentaré caminar todas las mañanas antes del trabajo. Gracias — solo hablar de esto ya me hace sentir un poco mejor.
Dental Appointment — Toothache
This dialogue is between a man and a Dentist. The man has come in with a toothache and the dentist is diagnosing the problem and explaining treatment options.
Good morning. I can see from your notes that you're here for a toothache. Can you point to where the pain is?
Model interpretation
Buenos días. Según sus notas, viene por un dolor de muela. ¿Puede señalar dónde le duele?
Es este diente aquí abajo a la derecha. Ha estado doliendo durante una semana, especialmente cuando como o bebo algo frío.
Model interpretation
It's this tooth here on the lower right. It's been hurting for about a week, especially when I eat or drink something cold.
Let me take a look. I'm going to use this mirror and probe to examine the area. You might feel some pressure. When did you last visit a dentist?
Probablemente hace unos tres años. Sé que debería venir más regularmente, pero he estado ocupado con el trabajo.
There's a large cavity in your lower right molar. The decay has gone deep, causing the sensitivity. We'll need an X-ray to see if the nerve is affected.
¿Eso significa que podría necesitar una endodoncia? Mi amigo se hizo una y dijo que fue muy doloroso.
Let's wait for the X-ray results before deciding treatment. Root canals today are much more comfortable than before. We use local anaesthetic, so you shouldn't feel pain.
¿Cuánto costará el tratamiento? No tengo seguro médico privado.
A filling would be around two hundred dollars, and a root canal with a crown can range from one thousand to two thousand dollars. We do offer payment plans if that helps.
Eso es más de lo que esperaba. ¿Hay opciones más económicas?
If the X-ray shows the nerve isn't damaged, a filling should be sufficient and much more affordable. Let's take the X-ray first and then discuss your options.
De acuerdo, hagamos la radiografía. Solo quiero que el dolor pare.
Physiotherapy Assessment — Back Injury
This dialogue is between a man and a Physiotherapist. The man has been referred for lower back pain treatment and is having his initial assessment.
Hi there. I'm your physiotherapist. I understand you've been referred for lower back pain following a workplace injury. Can you tell me what happened?
Model interpretation
Hola, soy su fisioterapeuta. Tengo entendido que fue derivado por dolor lumbar tras una lesión laboral. ¿Puede contarme qué pasó?
Hace unas tres semanas estaba levantando una caja pesada en el trabajo y sentí un dolor agudo en la parte baja de la espalda. No ha mejorado desde entonces.
Model interpretation
I was lifting a heavy box at work about three weeks ago, and I felt a sharp pain in my lower back. It hasn't gone away since.
On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the pain right now? And does it travel down either of your legs?
Ahora es como un cinco, pero cuando me agacho o me siento mucho tiempo sube a ocho. A veces siento hormigueo en la pierna izquierda.
The tingling could indicate nerve involvement. I'm going to do some physical assessments now — I'll ask you to do some movements and I'll check your reflexes. Please tell me if anything causes sharp pain.
De acuerdo. Debo mencionar que mi reclamo de compensación laboral fue aprobado, así que el tratamiento está cubierto.
That's good to know. Based on my initial assessment, I'd recommend twice-weekly sessions for the next six weeks. We'll focus on strengthening your core muscles and improving flexibility.
¿Tendré que hacer ejercicios en casa también?
Absolutely. Home exercises are essential for recovery. I'll give you a printed sheet with five simple exercises to do daily. They should only take about fifteen minutes.
Mi empleador quiere que vuelva lo antes posible. ¿Cuándo cree que podré regresar?
It depends on your role. Light duties might be possible in two to three weeks. I'll prepare a return-to-work plan and communicate with your employer's injury management team.
Gracias. Toda esta situación me ha causado mucho estrés, así que tener un plan me hace sentir mejor.
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